| Anterior | Cribriform plate | CN I olfactory bundles |
| Middle | Optic canal | CN II, ophthalmic artery, central retinal vein |
| Middle | Superior orbital fissure | CNs III, IV, V1, VI; ophthalmic vein; sympathetic fibers |
| Middle | Foramen rotundum | CN V2 (maxillary) |
| Middle | Foramen ovale | CN V3 (mandibular) |
| Middle | Foramen spinosum | Middle meningeal artery & vein |
| Posterior | Internal acoustic meatus | CNs VII, VIII |
| Posterior | Jugular foramen | CN IX, X, XI, jugular vein |
| Posterior | Hypoglossal canal | CN XII |
| Posterior | Foramen magnum | Spinal roots of CN XI, brainstem, vertebral arteries |